CentOS 7.6磁盘分区并开机自动挂载
修改日期：2019年01月16日
版本：v1.0
作者：whl
[toc]
一、 磁盘分区
1、 查看现有分区
fdisk -l[root@whl ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 256.1 GB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: C94BAA39-F935-457A-97E9-EF9FD01B004B
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 411647 200M EFI System EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1G Microsoft basic
3 2508800 212223999 100G Microsoft basic
4 212224000 254167039 20G Linux swap
5 254167040 463882239 100G Microsoft basic
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C812、进行磁盘分区
需分区的盘2T机械硬盘（/dev/sda）
# 对/dev/sda分区
fdisk /dev/sda
输出信息：
[root@whl ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): 输入m并回车查看帮助信息
Command action
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
输入p列出所有分区
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C81
# Start End Size Type Name
Command (m for help):
输入n创建新分区
# 输入分区序号，直接回车使用默认分配即可。
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
# 输入起始扇区，直接回车使用默认分配即可。
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-3907029134, default 2048):
# 输入终止扇区，可输入扇区数或实际容量。
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-3907029134, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3907029134, default 3907029134): +1000G
Created partition 1
Command (m for help):
输入p查看所有分区
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C81
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 2097154047 1000G Linux filesyste
Command (m for help):
以相同方式常见第二个分区
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C81
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 2097154047 1000G Linux filesyste
2 2097154048 3907029134 863G Linux filesyste
Command (m for help):
输入w保存
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C81
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 2097154047 1000G Linux filesyste
2 2097154048 3907029134 863G Linux filesyste
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@whl ~]#
使磁盘分区生效
partprobe /dev/sda3、格式化新建分区
列出所有分区
fdisk -l
[root@whl ~]# fdisk -l
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 256.1 GB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: C94BAA39-F935-457A-97E9-EF9FD01B004B
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 411647 200M EFI System EFI System Partition
2 411648 2508799 1G Microsoft basic
3 2508800 212223999 100G Microsoft basic
4 212224000 254167039 20G Linux swap
5 254167040 463882239 100G Microsoft basic
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: gpt
Disk identifier: 6B01A4CC-0F11-41F0-801D-7D3C59693C81
# Start End Size Type Name
1 2048 2097154047 1000G Linux filesyste
2 2097154048 3907029134 863G Linux filesyste
[root@whl ~]#
格式化磁盘分区
# 格式化为xfs
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda2
[root@whl ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1
meta-data=/dev/sda1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536000 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144000, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=128000, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@whl ~]#
[root@whl ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda2
meta-data=/dev/sda2 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=56558597 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=226234385, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=110466, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@whl ~]#
二、 挂载分区
1、手动挂载
# 创建挂载目录
mkdir /data1
mkdir /data2
# 挂载分区至目录
mount /dev/sda1 /data1
mount /dev/sda2 /data2
2、开机自动挂载
编辑/etc/fstab文件
vi /etc/fstab
新增两行命令
# 新增挂载命令
/dev/sda1 /data1 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 /data2 xfs defaults 0 0
保存退出即可。
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan 14 20:10:02 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=50fe6c07-6936-4ff5-bec2-674c7ce195b4 / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=5a696cf0-2cc0-41c9-a8bd-f5bd2b74b684 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=C163-2C2E /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 0
UUID=e36026ba-0711-447d-885d-b737cdd2b3a4 /home xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=d5bc3a97-ff95-463c-8eae-026a35fcbfb1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sda1 /data1 xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 /data2 xfs defaults 0 0